Composition (Basic 8) by Solomon Osuokam Ogbeh

 

Composition is a crucial skill in English language studies, involving the creation of written texts for various purposes. It encompasses different types, including narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative compositions. Each type has unique characteristics and follows a distinct process, but all require careful planning and organisation to convey ideas effectively. This guide will delve into the key aspects of each type of composition, including steps in writing, essential elements, logical arrangement of ideas, and the drafting process.

Steps in Composition Writing:

1.    Prewriting: Brainstorm ideas and plan the plot. Consider the main events, characters, and settings.

2.    Drafting: Write the initial draft, focusing on telling the story with a clear beginning, middle, and end.

3.    Revising: Review and refine the draft for clarity, coherence, and detail. Ensure the story flows smoothly.

4.    Editing: Check for grammatical errors, punctuation, and spelling mistakes.

5.    Publishing: Prepare the final version for presentation, whether in print or digital format.

 

A. Narrative Composition

Narrative Composition is designed to tell a story, recounting events in a structured sequence. It can be fictional or based on real-life experiences and often aims to engage the reader through vivid storytelling.

Elements of Narrative Composition:

• Plot: The sequence of events in the story, including the introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
• Characters: The individuals who participate in the story's events. They should be well-developed and relatable.
• Setting: The time and place where the story occurs. It provides context and background.
• Conflict: The central problem or challenge faced by the characters, driving the narrative forward.
• Theme: The underlying message or moral of the story.

Arrangement of Ideas in Logical Sequence:

1.    Introduction: Set the scene and introduce the characters.

2.    Rising Action: Present the events that build tension and lead to the climax.

3.    Climax: The peak of the story's conflict.

4.    Falling Action: Events that follow the climax and lead towards resolution.

5.    Conclusion: Resolve the conflict and provide closure.

Drafts: Begin with a rough draft to capture the essence of the story. Revise it to enhance details, improve dialogue, and ensure coherence. Finalise the draft by polishing language and checking for consistency.

Class Activity: Write a short narrative about a memorable event in your life. Focus on creating engaging characters and a compelling plot. Share your draft with a classmate for feedback and make necessary revisions.

B. Descriptive Composition

Descriptive Composition aims to paint a vivid picture for the reader through detailed descriptions. It involves describing objects, places, people, or events in a way that appeals to the senses.

Elements of Descriptive Composition:

• Sensory Details: Descriptions that appeal to the five senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell).
• Vivid Language: Use of descriptive adjectives and adverbs to create a clear image.
• Organised Structure: Logical arrangement of details to build a complete picture.

Arrangement of Ideas in Logical Sequence:

1.    Introduction: Introduce the subject and its significance.

2.    Body: Provide detailed descriptions, organising them either spatially or by importance.

3.    Conclusion: Summarise the main points and reflect on the overall impression.

Drafts: Start with a draft focusing on sensory details. Revise to improve the clarity and impact of the descriptions. Finalise by ensuring all sensory aspects are well represented.

Class Activity: Describe your favourite place using vivid sensory details. Include aspects such as the sounds, sights, and smells associated with it. Exchange descriptions with a peer and discuss the effectiveness of each other’s descriptive techniques.

C. Expository Composition

Expository Composition aims to explain or inform the reader about a specific topic. It presents facts, explanations, and examples in a clear, structured manner.

Elements of Expository Composition:

• Introduction: Introduce the topic and provide a thesis statement.
• Body: Present information in a logical order, using facts, examples, and explanations.
• Conclusion: Summarise the main points and restate the thesis in light of the evidence provided.

Arrangement of Ideas in Logical Sequence:

1.    Introduction: Present the topic and purpose of the composition.

2.    Body: Organise information into sections or paragraphs, each covering a different aspect of the topic.

3.    Conclusion: Recap the main points and provide a closing statement.

Drafts: Create a draft that includes all necessary information and explanations. Revise for coherence and thoroughness. Finalise by ensuring clarity and precision in the presentation of facts.

Class Activity: Write an expository essay explaining a process or concept you are familiar with, such as how to prepare a traditional Nigerian dish or the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Ensure your essay is well-organised and informative.

D. Argumentative Composition

Argumentative Composition is designed to persuade the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or take a specific action. It involves presenting a clear argument supported by evidence and reasoning.

Elements of Argumentative Composition:

• Thesis Statement: A clear statement of your main argument or position.
• Evidence: Facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions that support your thesis.
• Counterarguments: Acknowledgement and refutation of opposing views.
• Conclusion: Restate the thesis and summarise the key arguments, reinforcing your position.

Arrangement of Ideas in Logical Sequence:

1.    Introduction: Present the issue and your thesis statement.

2.    Body: Develop your arguments in separate paragraphs, each with evidence and reasoning. Address counterarguments.

3.    Conclusion: Summarise the main points and restate the thesis in a compelling manner.

Drafts: Draft your composition by presenting your arguments and evidence logically. Revise to strengthen your position and address counterarguments. Finalise by ensuring persuasive language and clarity.

Class Activity: Debate a topic relevant to your community or school, such as whether uniforms should be mandatory. Write an argumentative essay presenting your position and supporting it with evidence. Share and discuss your essays with classmates to evaluate the effectiveness of different arguments.

In conclusion, mastering composition involves understanding the purpose of each type of writing, following a structured approach, and continually revising and refining your work. Whether crafting narratives, descriptions, explanations, or arguments, clear and effective communication is key to engaging your audience and conveying your message successfully.